Juniper Publishers- Journal of Civil Engineering Introduction A century ago, about 1 in every 7 people lived in urban areas. Meanwhile, the ratio became 1 to 1 and the proportion of urban dwellers in the world is still raising sharply UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division [ 1 ]. Cities grow not only in population; they are also strengthening their function as nodes in the metabolism of our society. 80% of the energy consumption takes place in urban areas [ 2 ]. In other words, urban areas are growing and have an over-proportional, and growing ecological footprint [ 3 ]. The rapid economic and population growth not only cause climate change; also several resources are becoming scarcer. The long supply lines of energy and raw materials make cities vulnerable for international conflicts and natural disasters that interrupt supplies. A transition in the urban metabolic processes is necessary to prevent urban catastrophes, create urban resi