Juniper Publishers Journal Of Civil Engineering

 Civil Engineering Research Journal- Juniper Publishers   Abstract Surface settlement is a natural phenomenon of ground disturbance in subway tunnel construction. Dissymmetrical surface settlement profiles are observed when shielding in a curved tunnel, but these observations are quite different from the predictions of typical formulae which indicate a symmetrical surface settlement profile in straight tunnels. Based on the field measurements from shielding subway tunnels in soft ground located in Southeast Asia, the relation of the uneven distribution of jacking thrust and the mechanics of dissymmetrical settlement are discussed, and the method of calculating the dissymmetrical settlement profile is proposed in this study. The methods proposed in this article can be used to properly predict the surface settlement induced by a single curved tunnel in similar geological and construction conditions. The results also provide a reference set of shield construction parameters. Keyw...

 Civil Engineering Research Journal- Juniper Publishers   The Historical Context of Economic Development   The rapid growth of Taiwan’s economy was contributed to manufacturing and a specific economic development model, developmental state strategy, in the later 20th century. As a developmental state, the government has high state autonomy; its decision-making organizations are composed by professional technocrats; the policy decision put a priority on economic development to facilitate rapid industrialization with positive interventions. In addition, government will subsidize strategic industries and provide the preferential loans for enterprises to promote the development of the emerging industries [1]. Shi-jie [2] also generalized three main features of developmental state. First, government highly intervenes markets and establishes the dedicated agencies (such as Ministry of International Trade and Industry in Japan, National Development Council in Taiwan, Economic De...

 Civil Engineering Research Journal- Juniper Publishers   Mini Review Although nuclear energy currently provides about 20% of U.S. electric power and over half of the nation’s carbon free electricity, the ability of U.S. nuclear power plants to meet increasing demands for electricity and sustain the U.S. life style or even maintain the present one-fifth of US electrical demand is problematic and doubtful. A Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) report finds that over one-third of the current fleet of 98 licensed nuclear power plants in the United States (65PWRs and 33BWRs) will or could be closed within the next decade. Sixty-six of these plants will not be profitable for continued operation by their plant owners. These closures may occur even before expiration of the plants U.S. Government issued NRC License. Meanwhile, the U.S. and world demand for base-load electrical power will continue to escalate. Google now consumes more electrical power than San Francisco, and the advent...

 Civil Engineering Research Journal- Juniper Publishers Introduction For mitigating the fiscal burden of government, improving the quality of infrastructure, and increasing the investment opportunities, it becomes world widely trend for governmental agencies to promote private sectors to participate in the development of infrastructure projects, such as BOT projects. However, many BOT projects are long term investments, which are inherently risky. Mostly, the concessionaires of BOT projects are too optimistic in revenue projections and are short of project risk analysis of BOT projects, which both overestimate the project value. Conventional financial evaluation models of BOT projects set the capital structure as D/E=7/3, in common, and repay the debt obligation as the equivalent uniform annual cost. In this financial arrangement, concessionaires are likely to encounter financial difficulty during the project period with shortage of cash flows. For example, the fixed equivalent uni...