Geoid Modelling for Surveying Works Using Satellite Geo-Spatial Data- Juniper Publishers
Civil Engineering Research Journal- Juniper Publishers Introduction Nowadays fully three-dimensional positions - latitude, longitude and height are commonly provided by Global Positioning Systems (GPS) with WGS84 ellipsoid as a reference surface. The knowledge of terrain heights is very essential for several surveying and civil engineering works. The type of heights needed for such applications is a height above mean sea level (MSL), usually called orthometric height. A precise geoid model is required to transform GPS-based geodetic heights to orthometric height to allow such data to be directly used in surveying and civil engineering applications [1]. The process of geoid modelling can only be performed if dense networks of precise levelling or gravity and astronomical deflections of vertical are made available. Go to Objective The objective of this article is to formulate a local geoid model that would allow utilization of GNSS data in the fields of surveying and civil en...
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