Juniper Publishers Journal Of Civil Engineering

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  Civil Engineering Research Journal- Juniper Publishers Review and Introduction Modern religions are practiced in places that focus on language, music, tales of affection, and worship. Music can convey the concepts and values of the religion and encompass the emotions of the followers. Therefore, the acoustics of the worship must also convey these functions. In this study, the theory of subjective preference for concert hall established by Ando [1] was used to investigate four physical factors in churches. Since church are always thought which is reverberant and a fitting space for music. The factors proposed by Ando [1] are a. The time gap between direct and initial sound (Δt1, ITDG, full band), b. Reverberation time (T30, 500Hz), c. Listening levels (LL, full band) and d. The magnitude of inter-aural cross correlation function (IACC, full band). The linear summation of equal weighting for subjective responses to these four factors is a gauge of planning sound field. The global i...

 Civil Engineering Research Journal- Juniper Publishers Go to Introduction Topographic structure lines, including ridge lines and valley lines, delineate the most prominent skeleton structures of the land forms. Extraction of topographic structure lines plays an important role in various fields where topographic features are used in spatial analysis such as hydrological applications, military applications, hazard prediction, hiking and mountain climbing, relief representation and delineation. Traditionally, these structure lines were manually interpreted from hardcopy topographic maps which indicate continuous topographic surface by contours. With the aid of digitizing devices, topographic features on the topographic maps were digitized and converted into a digital terrain model (DTM) that contains elevation information and some explicit coding of surface characteristics such as peaks, pits, break lines, boundaries, etc. Many forms of DTM have been used to describe the terrain surf...

 Civil Engineering Research Journal- Juniper Publishers Opinion This approximate calculation method is developed and designed for replacement of the arbitrary Non-Linear Push-Over (NLPO) method. The proposed rational methodology is an intermediate engineering approach between the Linear-Elastic Dynamic Modal Response Spectrum method and Non-Linear Dynamic Time Domain (History) method and comprises six steps, i.e. A. Step 1 Perform a numerical 3-D Linear-Elastic Dynamic Modal Response Spectrum calculation based on the relevant Horizontal Elastic Ground Acceleration Response Earthquake (Seismic) Spectrum (input). Utilize the Complete Quadratic Combination (CQC) method instead of the Square-Root-of-Sum-of-Squares (SRSS) method. Because it is well-known for a long era that application of the Square-Root-of-Sum-of-Squares (SRSS) method in seismic analysis for combining modal maxima can yield significant errors. B. Step 2 Extract the numerically determined (calculated) total component su...

 Civil Engineering Research Journal- Juniper Publishers Introduction Expansive soil is defined as partially saturated plastic soil that exhibits high volume change when its environmental conditions are altered from dry to wet. The degree of expansion depends on whether the soil mass contains active day minerals or not. The most common active clay minerals are smectite, sometimes chlorite and vermiculite, and a mixed-layer of smectite and other clay minerals Grim [1] and Sabtan [2]. These soils, which lie above the water table, undergo shrinkage on drying and swelling on wetting. Numerous reports of expansive soil problems and related damages have been documented in different countries [3-5]. A limited amount of these studies was concentrated on developing equations that could be used to predict the swelling potential of expansive clays from their index properties Chen [3]; Abduljauwad et al. [6]; AL-Homoud et al. [4]; Li et al. [7]; Al-Rawas [8]. These studies provide helpful infor...